Culverts/pipes - lots of questions - TractorByNet

I am in the process of reclaiming some of my property for horse pastures. There is a creek that runs through it and the previous owner had a 4 foot diameter (?) galvanized corrugated pipe put in the creek bed to create a crossing. Problem is he didn't do it right and the creek washed out the dirt around the pipe. I plan to rebuild it this summer and use it for a tractor crossing. However, I'm not so sure that the pipe is long enough for a safe crossing.

- How long should the pipe be for a safe tractor crossing?
- Is it easy to join 2 sections of pipe together?
- Would it be easier to just buy a longer section of pipe?
- Any idea how much corrugated metal pipe costs?
- Where can I get culvert pipe?
- How much weight can a pipe like that hold if it is surrounded by dirt?

Other areas of the property have a high water table (I don't want to use the term "wetlands"). I was going to try to use field tiles and smaller culverts to make it more usable for me, horses and the tractor. In some areas I may use 18" plastic corrugated pipe.

- Any idea how much weight 18" plastic pipe could hold?

FYI - my tractor weighs 4,000 pounds and I have a backhoe, FEL and ballasted tires. I guessing the whole thing could weigh over 6,000 pounds. I do a lot of "low cost," meaning whatever we can scrounge up, culvert work for the hunt club where I have a backhoe membership. All seat-of-the-pants, no formal training stuff, so any answers I might offer are strictly caveat emptor, and worth what you paid for them.
"Any idea how much weight 18" plastic pipe could hold?"
None. Same for metal. They're only to keep the dirt out of the hole. Deep enough and they'll carry any load, if they don't have dirt on top they won't stand one crossing. Depending on the fill you're using 12 to 18 inches from the road surface to the top of the pipe will carry anything short of a loaded dump truck.
Four-foot diameter pipe? Needs to be deeper. I'm sure there are engineers who would have a table that shows how much deeper for how much greater diameter. Or a formula that says something like,"One inch of depth for each two inches of diameter." The idea is that the dirt spreads the load around the pipe rather than having the weight press down onto it.
"How long should the pipe be for a safe tractor crossing?"
Well, what really matters is how wide the road bed is. If you can approach straight on, three feet wider than the wheels of your widest trailer would be a decent rule of thumb. If the pipe is to be eighteen inches below the surface it should be at least three feet longer than the road is wide. Here again, that depends. What you want is to be able to have the slope from the road to the top of the pipe gentle enough that the dirt doesn't fall away. If it's sand you need longer pipe, if you're going to build a concrete wall on each end six inches overhang would be plenty. /forums/images/graemlins/wink.gif
"Is it easy to join 2 sections of pipe together?"
No. At least, used metal pipe would be hard to do. If you're going to have much or even frequent flowing water you want a good seal. Any openings the water will find and eat away the dirt. First thing you know you've got sink holes between the sections.
"Would it be easier to just buy a longer section of pipe?"
Yes, but...
"Any idea how much corrugated metal pipe costs?"
Like I said, we mostly scrounge. Have old stuff donated. Best we can do with what we have to work with.
"Where can I get culvert pipe?"
I know the 8 to 24 inch plastic pipe is available from Lowes, etc. Not too pricey.
Like most home projects, there is the prime trade-off. The better you do it, the longer before you have to re-do it.
Good luck, Wm
http://www.wimmark.com/culvert_maintenance.htm You didn't say how long your 4 ft diamater pipe is. Depending on how far below grade it is and how much height you want to build up on the pipe, will dictate how wide your road across it will be.

To stop it from eroding again, you will need to put something on the upriver side to stop erosion. Rocks work if you have them, concrete sacks stacked on top of each other with rebar through them also work really good.

Once a culvert is packed down on all sides, it will be able to easily handle anything you own. My backhoe weighs 14,000 pounds and crosses my culverts all the time with no problems. I've run a 40,000 pound RV's over them also and just the other day a neighbor crossed a few moving a moble home off his land through mine. I dont' know what that weighs, but it wasn't a problem either.

Joining the culvets requires a sleeve that bolts over the two ends. Sleeves for that large a culvert would be fairly pricey, but I have no idea of how much.

A 12 inch plastic culvert 20 feet long goes for a little over $100 in East Texas. Lowes has them along with most farm supply stores.

Each size you go up just about doubles the amount of water you can handle. I use 12 inch for just about everything. 18 inch would be a waste of money for me, but you may need it. I'd ask around to see what others are using in your area before buying something so big. I should have said that I plan on putting dirt on top of the pipes. Sounds like if I have at last 24 inches on top I should be fine.

I think the existing pipe is about 5 or 6 feet wide at the top. The downstream side is cut at an angle so that the bottom of the pipe lying in the creek bed is twice as long. So, if my tractor is about 5-1/2 feet wide it sounds like I should have a pipe that is about 12 feet wide on top.

I have heard of using bags of unopened concrete (I think here at TBN) with rebar driven through them. That sounds like an excellent idea. I was also going to use some pieces of chain link fence sandwiched in between rocks or riprap to reinforce the upstream side of the pipe.

I would love to have a bridge over the creek but I am afraid that would be too much money and time. Can't give specific #s on what a 18 inch plastic pipe will hold, but from personnel experience it's alot. I replaced a 2 ft galvanized pipe in front of my house that was smashed during construction of it from the heavy trucks/equipment. The pipe was to big for the ditch as alot of it was exposed so the ground couldn't help support it. I replaced it with a 18 inch plastic pipe with a smooth inner lining to help with water flow, also think it helps with the pipe strength. Only has about 6 inches of dirt/gravel on top of it and a tri axle dump with full load of rock went over it with no problems. Also the road in front of the house as two 18 inch plastic pipes and they are also shallow at only 6-8 inches of earth and tar/gravel road above them and they handle the semi's, Large tractors, and everything else that uses the road with no problem. The pipe comes in twenty foot lengths which is plenty wide for a crossing and I think I paid around $75 dollars for it. Lowes has them. Got mine from a local hardware farm and country store. Don't even look at the old steel pipes. Even the DOT has switched to plastic.

Many materials are available when installing culverts for driveways, private roads, or other drainage requirements.The choice of material can have a significant impact on the life of the culvert, so it is helpful to familiarize yourself with the main causes of pipe deterioration and the most commonly used corrosion resistant culvert materials.

Link to YiTong

Common causes of tube deterioration are corrosion, wear and physical wear.Corrosion usually occurs through soil or water pollution when a substance with a non-neutral pH balance comes into contact with a metal.When this happens, chemical reactions can cause metal pipes to rust, weakening culverts. Metal culvert in particular is vulnerable to corrosion.

When the water into the Corrugated Culvert Pipe materials (such as sand and small stone) scraping wall and damaged with the passage of time, wear occurs.

The repeated occurrence of heavy loads and other physical wear can also damage the pipe.If the material used to construct the culvert is not properly installed or strong enough to withstand heavy loads driven over it, it may bend or break. Repeated temperature fluctuations (freezing and thawing) may also cause structural damage.

Some materials will resist different forms of degradation better than others. This paper introduces the three main materials (plastic, metal and concrete) used in culvert construction and their advantages and disadvantages in culvert construction.

Aluminum and galvanized steel are commonly used as building materials for culverts. Corrugated metal is strong, reasonably priced and resistant to corrosion by galvanizing. Still, metal culverts have some drawbacks.First, even after being galvanized, the metal will corrode and rust over time, especially when the pH balance of the water or surrounding soil is high or low. In addition, if metal pipes need to be trimmed to fit culverts, they may be heavy, hard to bend and difficult to cut.Weaker metals can also bend or warp over time, especially when the roads involved are crowded.

Are you interested in learning more about Corrugated Metal Pipe? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!

Plastic tubes are cheaper and easier to install than metal ones. They are light and flexible, easy to transport and install.In addition, plastic can be easily cut to fit any size culvert. One of the drawbacks of plastic's lightness is that erosion and the material's natural buoyancy can cause it to shift over time. However, this displacement can be easily avoided if the piping is properly laid during installation and the surrounding soil is properly pressed.Another advantage of plastic is that it doesn't corrode or rust like metal, so it resists high and low pH balances.

Metal Culvert

Whatever you decide to use metal or plastic, should consider to buy corrugated pipe. The wavy pattern of these tubes increases both the material's flexibility and its resistance to warping under weight.In most cases, corrugated plastic tubing will be perfect for this job. Another type of plastic pipe also has its USES. PVC is smaller and less flexible than corrugated plastic tubes.It is ideal for low-flow or long-distance water transport, such as irrigation. Because wood logs in long drains are harder to remove than short drains, PVC is also ideal when long pipes are needed because their smooth walls are easier to clean than bellows.

Concrete is much more expensive than metal or plastic, and because of its weight, it is difficult to transport, pour and install. But it has its USES. Of the three materials, concrete is the most durable.Like plastic, it doesn't corrode.In addition, concrete is more resistant to warping than the other two materials and can withstand greater loads. Because of their durability and long service life, concrete culverts are a good idea for those planning to install concrete driveways or who expect heavy traffic on the culverts.Largely because of the costs associated with it, we don't see many affordable full-cement culverts in Texas.

Whatever material you decide to use when building pipe culverts, the right research is key.Whether you choose metal, plastic or concrete, consult a trained professional to make sure the material meets your needs.A carefully constructed culvert will be more effective in managing water flow and save you money in the long run by reducing maintenance costs.

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