Login

Your Name:(required)

Your Password:(required)

Join Us

Your Name:(required)

Your Email:(required)

Your Message :

5 Must-Have Features in a wave springs

Author: Alice

Jul. 14, 2025

15 0 0

Tags: Mechanical Parts & Fabrication Services

Wave Spring Guide: A Brief Overview - Smalley

This concept is displayed by the force-deflection curve in the graph on the top right. Let’s say you have two load requirements for your application, 20 and 28 lb. The first load is output at a working height of 0.08 in., as indicated by the curve’s leftmost blue ‘x’. The 28 lb. load requirement is output at a working height of 0.06 in.

Link to HEGONG SPRING

Now let’s take a part number out of our catalog for a Crest-to-Crest Wave Spring, C100-M1. The spring has a free height of .250 in. and a working height of .087 in. At this designated work height, the Crest-to-Crest Wave Spring outputs a load of 18 lb. Beyond this work height, the spring may take a set, making the spring forces unpredictable. 

Read more about wave spring work height and compression. 

How is a Wave Spring made?

Smalley’s wave springs are manufactured using a process called edgewinding. This begins by cold rolling round wire to flat dimensions. Cold rolling causes the metal grains to elongate and lock together, improving the strength and stability of the material.

Once flattened, the wire is then coiled on edge to form a ‘crest-to-crest’ wave structure. The grain follows the direction of the coil, forming a circular-grain metallurgy that provides superior spring properties compared to stamped parts with unidirectional grain.

Edgewinding is a flexible and cost-effective process that enables customized designs without the need for tooling dies and with minimal material waste. In fact, it is the reason behind our No-Tooling-Cost™ policy. This method allows for seamless design changes at any stage, ensuring a quick and economical solution—whether for a prototype or full-scale production.

What materials can Wave Springs be made of?

Selecting the right material is critical for optimal spring performance. There are several factors to consider during spring material selection, such as operating environment, cycle life, and budget.

Standard Smalley wave springs are available in carbon steel and 17-7 stainless steel. Smalley stocks over 40 additional material options, including exotic alloys such as Inconel X-750® and Elgiloy®, to withstand practically any environment.

Table 2. Comparison of materials to environments.

Where are Wave Springs used?

From small to large diameters, light to heavy-duty loads, carbon steel to exotic materials, wave springs have been the trusted, space-saving solution for tens of thousands of applications. From everyday consumer products such as the smartwatch on your wrist to life-saving medical devices such as robotic surgical instruments to extreme environments like oil wells deep under the Earth's surface, to as high as Mars, there is virtually no limit for wave springs.

One common application that utilizes the benefits of a wave spring is a flow valve. As fluid pressure increases a Crest-to-Crest Wave Spring precisely controls the linear displacement of the piston. While many spring systems can be designed into valves, engineers often choose wave springs because of their space-saving capability and linear compression behavior through 80% of the compression range. These unique features allow for more precise and repeatable control of both flow and pressure.

Get Started

  • Ready to see the wave spring advantage? Request FREE SAMPLES from over 4,000 wave springs stocked in carbon and stainless steel
  • Not sure which part is right for you? Live Chat us during normal business hours or schedule a Virtual Visit with a Smalley Engineer to determine the right wave spring for your application. 

Top 6 Advantages of a Wave Spring - TFC Europe

~Compact, customizable, and efficient solutions for space-constrained applications~

Do you have trouble finding a spring that fits your application? Coil springs require extensive travel, making your application design less than optimal.

Wave washers, coil springs, disc springs, and the list goes on – are all traditional springs that work well in many engineering applications.

What if there was a more compact, lightweight design?

Whether you have space constraints, need more design flexibility, or are looking to meet a specific load requirement, adding a Smalley wave spring to your design toolkit can open up a world of new design possibilities. Knowing when to use a wave spring and understanding its value can take your designs to the next level.

So when should you use a wave spring? Below are the top 6 advantages of using a wave spring.

Top 6 Reasons to Use a Wave Spring

REDUCE AXIAL SPACE

Spring operating height can be reduced by up to 50%.

In applications with tight space constraints, wave springs optimize space concerns. The ‘multiple waves per turn’ design can offer the same spring force as a traditional coil spring but at a reduced operating height. Reducing operating height also decreases the spring cavity, yielding a smaller assembly size. Significant cost savings may be seen with a smaller, more lightweight assembly, as it takes less time and material to produce.

For more belleville washersinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

DESIGN FLEXIBILITY

Quick and economical customization with Smalley’s.

We can customize wave springs to fit your exact application requirements. The number of turns, end type, material type, and thickness is just a few parameters we can customize.

Our ability to accommodate virtually any design comes from our unique edgewinding process, where we take flat wire and then coil it on edge. With the freedom to coil to nearly any diameter (0.157 – 120 in.; 4 – mm), we can efficiently optimize your design without additional tooling.

ACCURATE AND PREDICTABLE LOADS WHERE YOU NEED IT

Accurate and predictable loads are achieved by putting a tolerance on load(s) at specific working height(s).

Whether it’s a static or a dynamic, you’re able to pinpoint the load that a wave spring outputs. This is because we tolerance critical load(s) at specified working height(s), so you can expect reliable, consistent performance in your application.

VERSATILITY

Wave spring technology is the trusted solution across many different and applications.

From small to large diameters, light to heavy-duty parts, carbon steel to exotic, wave springs has been the trusted solution for tens of thousands of applications. From everyday consumer products like the smartwatch on your wrist or the coffee maker in your kitchen, to an oil well deep under the Earth’s surface, to as high as, well, Mars, there is virtually no limit for wave springs. Below are some common applications that utilize the benefits of a wave spring.

Flow Valves:

As fluid pressure increases, a Crest-to-Crest Wave Spring precisely controls the linear displacement of the piston.

Pressure Relief Valves:

Air pressure under the assembly causes the spring load to increase, which forces the plate away from the sealing surface and provides a pressure relief mechanism. As pressure decreases, the spring returns to its original work height, allowing the unit to seal again.

Face Seals:

The wave spring applies pressure to precisely load against a mating surface, properly sealing fluids.

Vibration Isolators:

Under constant loading, the isolator dampens vibration from equipment operation. Wave springs are used to provide precise and predictable loading.

EXOTIC ALLOYS

Exotic alloys are an option for your applications in extreme environments.

There are a variety of key factors when it comes to choosing the right material for your application, including environment, budget, and cycle life. Using a material that is not optimized for the environment that it’s in can lead to performance issues and decreased application life. If our carbon and 17-7 stainless steels do not meet your application’s unique requirements, we offer a variety of custom materials.

From cryogenic to high temperatures, magnetically sensitive to electrically conductive, and deep-sea to outer space, our engineering team will tailor a wave spring fit for optimal performance.

FREE SAMPLES & ECONOMICAL PROTOTYPES

We know it’s essential to ensure fit and function with prototype testing, so we free samples of our standard parts.

We also offer custom, economical prototypes that can be delivered to you in a short lead time with no minimum order quantity. This is a unique benefit of our edgewinding process, as traditional stamped parts have high up-front tooling costs, minimum order quantities, and traditionally longer lead times.

Get Started

Smalley wave springs are the ideal solution in applications with tight space constraints. Choose from over 4,000 carbon steel and stainless steel wave springs in stock, or explore a custom design with No-Tooling- Costs™. Get started with a Smalley engineer today and request a free sample to add to your design tool kit.

Are you interested in learning more about wave springs? Check out our Ask the Expert Wave Springs FAQ below.

Comments

0

0/2000