7 Globe Valve Design Standards You Need to Know

Globe valves are indispensable in many industries for their precise flow control and reliability. With various standards governing their design, it can be challenging to determine which standard suits specific needs. 

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This guide covers seven important globe valve design standards, including API, ANSI, and ASME specifications. It explains each standard, highlights features, and outlines common uses, providing clear insights for anyone interested in valve technology.

API Standards for Globe Valves

The American Petroleum Institute (API) standards are widely recognized in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. Let’s explore the key API standards for globe valves.

1. API 600 Globe Valve

API 600 focuses on bolted bonnet steel globe valves for refinery and petrochemical applications. These valves are made to handle high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. They include precise sealing and robust materials to ensure long-term reliability.

Common Applications:

API 600 globe valves are typically used in the following ways:

• Oil and gas pipelines
• Refinery operations
• High-temperature steam systems

2. API 602 Globe Valve

API 602 applies to forged steel globe valves, typically used for smaller pipelines (up to 4 inches). These valves feature bolted or welded bonnets, OS&Y (Outside Screw and Yoke) design, and excellent performance under high-pressure conditions.

Common Applications:

• Petrochemical processing
• Power generation
• High-pressure steam systems

3. API 623 Globe Valve

API 623 is tailored explicitly for globe valves used in general industrial applications. It emphasizes enhanced performance, leakage prevention, and suitability for various temperature ranges.

Common Applications:

• Water treatment plants
• Oil and gas industries.
• HVAC systems.

4. API 6D Globe Valve

API 6D is a standard for pipeline valves, including globe valves, ensuring reliable operation in oil and gas pipelines. It covers design, manufacturing, and testing, focusing on safety and efficiency in critical pipeline operations.

Common Applications:

• Transmission pipelines
• Compressor stations
• Subsea applications

ANSI Standards for Globe Valves

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sets the design benchmarks for valves used in various industries.

5. ANSI Globe Valve

ANSI standards focus on globe valves‘ mechanical integrity and performance under different pressures and temperatures. They ensure compatibility with piping systems worldwide.

Common Applications:

• Industrial manufacturing processes.
• Food and beverage systems.
• Basic water treatment plants.

6. ANSI Oil and Gas Pipeline Globe Valve

These valves are designed to meet the stringent requirements of the oil and gas industry. ANSI pipeline globe valves focus on leak-proof sealing, durability, and efficient performance under high-pressure conditions.

Common Applications:

• Crude oil pipelines
• Natural gas distribution
• Offshore drilling rigs

ASME Globe Valve Standards

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) provides standards focusing on valve design and material quality for safe operations.

7. ASME B16 34 Globe Valve

ASME B16 34 sets the standard for pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, and testing for globe valves. These valves are suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments and are made from carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel.

Common Applications:

• Power generation plants.
• High-pressure steam and gas lines.
• Chemical processing systems.

Comparison of Different Standards

Key Differences Between the Standards

Knowing the differences between these standards makes it easier to pick the right one for your needs:

• Application Focus: API standards are specifically developed for the oil and gas industry, addressing the unique requirements of these environments. In contrast, ANSI and ASME standards cater to various other industries, including water systems, HVAC, and chemical processing, making them more versatile options.
• Size Range: For small valves, typically up to 4 inches, API 602 is the preferred choice, especially in high-pressure systems. Larger valves or systems requiring high flow rates are better suited to API 623 and ASME B16.34 standards.
• Pressure-Temperature Ratings: ASME B16.34 provides detailed rules for handling high pressure and temperature. This makes it a top choice for critical environments like power plants or chemical reactors.

How to Choose the Right Standard

Picking the right standard for a globe valve doesn’t have to be complicated. Focus on these three main things:

1. What the Industry Needs: Different industries have specific requirements for valves. For example, standards like API 6D or API 600 are recommended in oil and gas because they are designed to handle high pressure and large volumes of fluid or gas. In power plants and water treatment systems, ASME B16.34 is a more versatile choice that can meet the demands of various operating conditions.
2. Pipeline Details: Consider the pipeline’s size, pressure, and temperature requirements. For smaller pipelines operating under high pressure, API 602 is ideal as it is designed specifically for compact valve configurations. ANSI standards can provide a cost-effective and reliable solution for larger or lower-pressure systems.
3. Rules and Safety: Ensure the valve complies with all safety standards. Verify that the chosen standard meets local and international safety and regulatory guidelines to ensure smooth operation and avoid potential issues.

Conclusion

Understanding globe valve design standards is important for choosing the best valve for your needs. Standards like API, ANSI, and ASME provide rules for different industries and uses. By matching the proper standard to your system, you can make it work better, stay safe, and last longer.

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Reference

Understanding Globe Valves

Overview of Globe Valves

Globe valves play a role in control systems by effectively managing flow and pressure levels across different industries such as oil and gas exploration and production activities. 

Structure and Functioning

The structure of a globe valve consists of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. When the valve is open, the fluid flows through an S-shaped path.

Types of Globe Valves

Straight Pattern Globe Valves (Z Type)

Straight pattern or Z-type globe valves are characterized by their Z-shaped passageway. This design is suitable for applications where minimal pressure drop is not a primary concern.

Angle Pattern Globe Valves

Angle pattern globe valves feature an inlet and outlet situated at a 90-degree angle, which proves advantageous, for scenarios necessitating a flow direction alteration in a piping network setup.

Y-Pattern Globe Valves

Globe valves, with a Y pattern design, are created to lessen pressure drop within the valve by aligning the seat with the flow direction providing resistance, and then pattern valves, while still allowing for effective control of flow rate.

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Additional resources:
The Ultimate Guide to Globe Valves: Design, Functionality, and ...

Material Considerations

Material selection for globe valves depends on factors such as temperature, pressure, and fluid characteristics. Common materials include cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, and brass. For example, the BS Cast Iron Globe Valve offers durability for general-purpose use, while the MSS SP-85 CLASS 125 Cast Iron Globe Valve provides enhanced performance under specific conditions.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globe Valves

Advantages

Globe valves offer several advantages:

1. Precise Flow Control: Their design allows for accurate regulation of flow rates.

2. Excellent Shut-off Capabilities: They provide tight sealing when closed.

3. Versatility: Suitable for both on/off service and throttling applications.

4. Durability: Available in various materials to withstand different environmental conditions.

Disadvantages

1. Pressure Drop: The tortuous path can cause significant pressure loss.

2. Larger Size: They require more space compared to other valve types.

3. Higher Cost: Generally more expensive due to complex construction.

4. Maintenance: More parts can lead to increased maintenance requirements.

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Applications and Industries

Industrial Applications

Globe valves are widely used in industries like oil and gas extraction, power generation, and water treatment. In the oil and gas sector , globe valves ensure secure transportation. Chemical factories depend on globe valves for chemical dosages to maintain process reliability. 

Specific Use Cases

Globe valves serve not only in industrial applications but also in situations that require precise control of flow rates. Steam applications for temperature regulation and HVAC systems for managing the flow of heating or cooling fluids to uphold ideal environmental settings effectively.

Maintenanceand Troubleshooting

Maintenance Practices

Regular inspection of globe valves is essential, focusing on parts like the disk and seat ring. Applying lubricants to components, prevents the stem seizing and jamming. Periodic valve testing ensures reliable operation across different pressure levels. Prompt replacement of worn parts helps avoid leaks and operational issues.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Leaks might be due to a worn-out seating ring or disk replacing these parts usually solves the problem. If a valve is hard to operate you can check for blockages or issues with lubrication to make it work smoothly again. Loud noises usually mean there's turbulence in the valve. Check the parts for alignment or damage to fix this issue.

Sizing and Selection Considerations

Key Factors for Selection

When choosing a globe valve for a use case or scenario

1. Flow Requirements: Determine whether precise throttling or simple on/off control is needed.

2. Pressure Rating: Ensure the valve can withstand system pressures without compromising performance.

3. Temperature Range: Choose materials that can handle operating temperatures without degradation.

4. Valve Size: Match the valve size with pipeline dimensions for seamless integration.

For material selection, prioritize corrosion resistance and temperature tolerance. Also, consider durability, with cast iron being suitable for non-corrosive environments but not for highly acidic conditions.

Globe Valve Standards and Certifications

Important Standards

Following industry guidelines guarantees, like API for design, ASME B16 for dimensions, and ISO for quality management, that globe valves fulfill safety requirements and perform reliably.

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